Crash Course - Latin American Revolutions

Questions for this Crash Course episode were written by Isabel Geisler.

1. What is the job of the colonies?
2. Government and the church are two of the three institutions present in Latin America.  What was the third?
3. What are the three major racial categories present during the colonial period of Latin America?
4. Which colony wasn’t ruled by Spain?
5. Brazil manages to revolt without any bloodshed, how does this affect the country later?
6. Who leads Mexico in a massive revolution?
7. In regards to a successful revolution, what conclusion does Simon Bolivar come to?
8. What dream of Bolivar fails?
9. In what sense is Latin-America a leader of western ideals?
10. What happens to the rigid social structure?

Crash Course: Haitian Revolution

Questions for this Crash Course episode were written by Isabel Geisler.

1. What does Haiti begin as?
2. How does Haiti become one of the most valuable colonies in the West Indies?
3. At the time of its revolution, Haiti had the second most slaves in the world. Which country had more?
4. Why were most Haitian slaves African-born?
5. Who were the “Petite Blancs”?
6. Slaves did revolt. True or False?
7. How did the slave revolts in Haiti start?
8. What other war was France involved in at the time?
9. In 1791, who does France give citizenship to?
10. Who establishes the slaves as a disciplined army and drives the British and Spanish out of Haiti?
11. What does the new French constitution decree?
12. What aids the slaves against the French?
13. Why do we study the Haitian Revolution? 

Chapter 13.2 - Emergence of Mass Society

Chapter 13.2 - The Emergence of Mass Society ()

• Name three issues governments had to worry about to address the concerns of the masses.
• How did the population of London change from 1800 to 1900?
• Describe four specific policy changes or inventions that helped improve public health and sanitation.
• What percent of the population was the “new elite” and how much of the wealth did they control?
• What kind of people were in this group?
• The next 15% were the “diverse middle class.”    What kind of people were in this group?
• The remaining people were the “working” or “lower” classes.  How much of the population did they make up?
• What kind of people were in this group?
• By 1870s, some reforms had been made to improve life for this group.  Describe three of these reforms.
• Describe three limits still placed on women as of 1800.
• What kind of jobs did women have access to as a result of the demands of the Industrial revolution?
• Yet what was still the only “honorable and available career” for most women?
• Give two reasons why the number of children per woman declined in the 1800s.
• Between 1890 and 1914, near the very end of the Industrial Revolution, how had the lives of families changed for the better due to higher wages and standard of living?
• During the 1840s and 1850s, women sought equal political rights.  What right did they seek in particular to achieve this goal?
• It wasn’t until after what major world event that they gained this right in most European countries and the USA?
• Before the 1870s, what was reserved mostly for the upper and middle classes?
• Most of these new teachers were of what gender?
• What was the most immediate result of public education?
• What sprang up to appeal to the new, reading public?
• How did the definitions of “work” and “leisure” change after the Industrial revolution, compared to those in cottage industries before it?
• How did individuals’ involvement/role in leisure activities change?  Give one example.
• How did the relationship between money and leisure activities change?
• Describe three details about the home of a worker in London in 1890?   (p340)
• Describe three details about the home of an industrial owner in London in 1890?   (p341)

Reading 15.1 and 15.2 - Imperialism in China

Chapter 15.1 – “Decline of the Qing Dynasty” Page 488 to 495

Causes of Decline

• External and Internal Pressures
• By 1800, how long had Britain been in contact with China?
• What problem did the British face in trading with China?
• The Opium War
• Where did the British grow opium?
• In what two ways did China respond?
• How did the British react to China’s actions?
• What were the terms of the treaty of Nanjing?
• Tai Ping Rebellion
• Who led the Tai Ping Rebellion?
• What did he believe?
• How many people died during the 14-year struggle?

Advance of Imperialism

• Mounting Pressures
• What term describes an area where an imperial power had exclusive trading rights?
• What five countries established these areas in China?
• See the map on page 489.   
• Which country had the largest sphere of influence in terms of land area?
• Which country had the most significant sphere of influence?
• Hint:  Look at where the major cities are.

Responses to Imperialism

• Opening the Door To China
• What policy did the US promote toward trade with China?
• Why did the US propose this?
• Boxer Rebellion
• What group was responsible for the Boxer Rebellion, and what was their slogan?
• What religion did they oppose the spread of?
• Who sent troops into China to quell the rebellion?

Chapter 15.2 – “Revolution in China” Page 496 to 489

Fall of the Qing

• Rise of Sun Yat Sen
• What did Sun Yat Sen believe about government, the West, and democracy?
• What was his three stage reform process?
• Era of Civil War
• In what year did the Chinese dynastic system finally collapse?
• After the collapse of the Qing, who becomes President?
• What actions did this new president take that upset many Chinese revolutionaries?
• What was Sun’s political party called (in English)?

Crash Course: World War I

• World War I was also known as the ______ War?
• What was the immediate cause of World War I?
• The Schlieffen plan led Germany to attack France by going through what country?
• Many historians have different arguments for why World War I happened.  What two reasons does John Green believe to be the most important?
• While trenches on the Western Front only stretched _____ miles as the crow flies, because of endless zig-zagging they may have gone as far as _______ miles
• There was more movement on the ______ front.
• In France, ____ of the population of men between 15 and 49 died during the war.
• What epidemic broke out toward the end of the war, killing three times as many people as the war itself?
• What two factors led to the war being so deadly? 
• What were the two most deadly weapons in the war?
• For the British, the trenches were two things above all else:  ____ and ____.
• What were some of the (very few) upsides of this war for soldiers?
• What are some reasons why soldiers kept fighting, despite danger and poor pay?
• What is John Green's advice about alcohol?
• What treaty ended World War I?
• What was the first part of the Russian Revolution called, and what was it about?
• Who led the provisional government?
• What was the second part of the Russian Revolution called, and what was it about?
• What three things did Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks promise people?
• What was Lenin's first major achievement?
• How did World War I affect the United States?
• What changes occurred in the Ottoman Empire, and what new nation arose?
• Art and literature during World War I shifted from ______-ism to _____-ism.

Crash Course: Chinese Revolutions

1. China had two revolutions in the 20th century.  What two dates did these revolutions occur on?
2. What two reasons does John Green provide for the later getting much more attention?
3. Did the "self-strengthening" movement take effect in China during the 19th century?
4. Who was spurred to plot the overthrow of the dynasty after the Boxer Rebellion?
5. What this individual's "three principles of the people?"
6. After a briefly established government, what happens to China between 1912 and 1949?
7. What two groups were both trying to establish power over local landlords in China during this time?
8. The alliance between the communists and nationalists fell apart when ____ ___-___ grew frustrated with communists attempts at fomenting socialist revolution.
9. Who wins the Civil War?
10. Describe the Long March and its effects.
11. Who was occupying/invading China during much of this Civil War?
12. In 1942, what did Mao do to students and intellectuals?
13. In what year does Mao officially establish the People's Republic of China?
14. Describe some of the promises of the new government.
15. China's involvement in what war sparked a campaign to oppose America and resulted in most foreigners leaving the country?
16. What country did China look to as a model for industrialization?
17. How well did the first five year plan for industry work in China?
18. This growth would be difficult to sustain, so what "terrible plan" did Mao come up with.
19. Describe the details of this plan.
20. Between 1959 and 1962, how many people died?  How many of them were estimated to be under the age of ten?
21. What were the four "olds" of the Cultural Revolution?
22. John Green argues it's hard to call China _______ today.
23. Why does John Green believe the first revolution war more signficant than Mao's revolution?
24. Why can't anyone in China legally watch this video?

Crash Course: Capitalism & Socialism

1. What innovation of mercantile capitalism was used to finance major expeditions and spread risk?
2. What is Joyce Appleby’s definition of industrial capitalism?
3. Where and when did it develop first?
4. Lower food prices allowed people to purchase _____ goods with their excess wealth.
5. How did the increased efficiency in farming help keep factories humming along?
6. Describe the process of enclosure
7. In what ways was capitalism a “change of mind?”
8. Capitalist culture promotes the idea that mean and women are  _______ in addition to producers, and further argued that this was a good thing because it spurred growth.
9. List three problems with industrial capitalism
10. Socialism is an”imperfect opposite” to capitalism because capitalism’s defenders see it as ______ and socialism is a system developed by human _________.
11.  Why did Utopian socialists reject the ideas of revolution?
12. What feature about Karl Marx does John Green appreciate, which was not present on other, more mass-murdering communists like Mao, Stalin, and Pol-Pot?
13. What is the name of Karl Marx’s greatest work?
14. What were the two classes that mattered?
15. What did Marx think gave life meaning?
16. According to John Green, has socialism succeeded in supplanting capitalism?
17. Why does John Green think Marx still matters?

Crash Course: Industrial Revolution

1. List at least seven things that we have now as a result of the Industrial Revolution
2. Before the Industrial Revolution, what percentage of people were farmers.
3. What percentage of people are farmers today in the USA?
4. Around when did it begin in Europe?
5. Who created the most successful steam engine to clear water out of mines?
6. Who improved this design for use in railroads and boats?
7.  What are four Eurocentric theories that argue why the Industrial Revolution happened there first?
8. What’s the problem with all four of these answers?
9. What two huge advantages did Europeans have?
10. What impact did European wages have on the development of technology?
11. What industry did India continue to dominate through the 19^th century?

Crash Course: Globalization II

1. What does John Green argue about KFC and how our psychology has changed as a result of globalization?
2. As a result of the failures of Marxist collectivism, what do we celebrate instead?
3. What country does John Green admit his bias toward?
4. What innovation led to more sexual freedom?
5. What problems have arisin within the family as a result of individualism?
6. How has globalization affected the environment?
7. How has the meaning behind flowers changed as a result of globalization?
8. How does John Green describe our lifestyles as unsustainable?
9. Some historians argue economic interdependence leads to less war, but John Green isn't convinced it ends violence.  List three examples that explain this problem.
10. What political idea has been on the rise since the 1990s?
11. Where has democracy flourished without economic growth?
12. Where has growth occured without democracy?
13. Where has economic growth and democracy gone hand in hand?
14. Give one example of a negative event that could lead to this era as being seen as a tremendous mistake?
15. Give one example of a negative event that could lead to this era as being celebrated for millenia?
16. Summarize John Green's argument about inequalities from a historical context.
17. Every human is a ________ _________.

Chapter 16 - World War 1 Reading Guide

For this assignment, you do not have questions.  Use your book to define terms and explain the significance of the figures from history in your notes.  You will still have a normal open-note reading quiz on this information.

Chapter 16.1 – “The Road to World War I” Page 522 to 525

• Conscription
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand
• Gavrillo Princip
• William II
• Nicholas II
• Mobilization
• Alfred von Schlieffen

Chapter 16.2 – “World War I” Page 526 to 533

• Propaganda
• Trench Warfare
• War of Attrition
• Lusitania
• Total War
• Planned Economy
• Woodrow Wilson

Crash Course: Globalization I

1. What item does John Green argue tells the story of globalization?
2. List two reasons that makes globalization today different from trade in the past?
3. What makes American cotton so much cheaper?
4. Why is the spinning and weaving done elsewhere?
5. Where is the screen printing usually done?
6. What aspects of this trade are the most expensive?
7. What organization (initials IMF) provides loans to poor countries but requires they open up to free trade type policies?
8. Where was your computer probably manufactured?
9. Who do people in Brazil, China, and similar countries primarily make computers for?  How is this different from American cars within the US in the Industrial Revolution?
10. How many people have emerged from poverty in the last 30 years?
11. What are some negative side effects of globalization?
12. What three reasons have led to migration become more common?
13. People moving leads to _____ blending.
14. How many hours would a Mongols shirt cost you?  How does this compare to the cost of few hundred years ago?
15. What reason does John Green offer for studying history?
16. John Green says it is both easy - and dangerous - to feel a certain way as a result of our accomplishments;  how should we be careful about feeling?

Crash Course: World War II

1. In China the fighting war very brutal, based on the ___ of ____ which remains a controversy between China and Japan.
2. What was "a devastating tactic combining quick movement of troops, tanks,and massive use of air power to support infantry movements."
3. What five countries was Germany able to conquer in the first nine months of the war using this tactic?
4. The _____ of ______ was a duel between the Royal Airforce and the German Luftwaffe.
5. In 1941, Germany broke its non-aggression pact with what country?
6. In 1941, what American military base was bombed by Japan?
7. Even Argentina was involved in the war - what did they provide to the British?
8. What was one of the bloodiest battles in the history of the war, with more than two million dead?
9. What term does John Green use to describe the American strategy in the pacific that took GIs closer and closer to Japan?
10. How did Canada's casualities in the war compare to the United States?
11. John Green finally confesses why he always makes fun of Canada - what is the real reason?
12. Hitler often spoke about _______ or living space for the German people.
13. What did Germany intend to do with this land?
14. How many Jews were killed by the nazis?
15. What country provides a strong counterexample to those who would argue the war was about Allied Democracy vs. Axis Totalitarianism
16. Who were the biggest imperialists of World War II?
17. How many people died in the Soviet Union during World War II?
18. Why were civilians targeted?
19. Why does John Green see the Holocaust as especially threatening from the perspective of Western history?
20. What does World War II force all of us to ask about the role of the West in the world?

Crash Course: Nationalism and Japan

1. John Green argues nationalism was a global phenomenon that affected countries outside of Europe.  List four countries he cites as evidence.
2. What term describes “a centralized government that can claim and exercise authority over a distinctive territory and a certain degree of linguistic and cultural homogeneity.”
3. What are three ways in which historians explain the development of nationalism?
4. What event in American history led to an increase in nationalism in the United States?
5. What impact did nationalism have on the Ottoman Empire?
6. During the Tokugawa period, power rested mostly with local lords known as _______.
7. Two events challenged Japan.  The first was China’s defeat in the _______ wars.
8. The second was the arrival of ______   ________.
9. How did this lead to an increased sense of nationalism?
10. What is the name of the Japanese parliament (a "deliberative assembly")?
11. Describe two reforms instituted by the Meiji government that led to increased nationalism.
12. What is the purpose of public education, according to John Green?

Crash Course: Imperialism

• What good did China traditionally import from the Spanish Empire.  Why did Europeans offer this good?
• What new good did the British discover that the Chinese would buy?
• What treaty did the Chinese sign after losing the Opium Wars, giving the British control of Hong Kong and five other ports?
• What did China get out of the treaty of Nanjing?
• What was one of the most deadly uprisings in Chinese history that helped the British become the dominant economic power in China?
• What was the historical factor driving both Europe’s motive and means to conquer Afrcia?
• Name three diseases prominent in Africa that killed many Europeans who traveled there.
• What invention allowed Europeans to transport large amounts of goods inland via rivers?
• What new drug helped moderate the effects of malaria?
• What new gun was developed that helped Europeans dominate Africa?
• What country does John Green argue that “no one can conquer” (unless you are the Mongols)
• In the 1890s in India, there were fewer than ______ British administrators in India
• This tactic is known as _______ rule, controlling already existing rulers.
• What are three reasons native rulers put up with this system? 
• What country defeated Italy in battle, securing independence?
• Give three examples of how the legacy of imperialism affects our world today.

Chapter 12.1 - The Industrial Revolution

Chapter 12.1 - The Industrial Revolution (p378-385)

The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

• Introduction
• Where and when did the Industrial revolution begin?
• What five factors contributed to Britain becoming the starting place?
• Describe the enclosure movement
• Define capital
• Cotton
• What term describes the way people produced wool in their homes?
• What invention helped make thread faster?
• What invention helped made weaving faster?
• Who made significant improvements to the Steam Engine?
• What impact did this cotton production have on India?
• What did the British government encourage their Indian colony to focus on?
• Coal & Iron
• What was the primary fuel of the industrial revolution?
• A new process was used to make iron;  how did that impact the quality of iron?
• Railroads
• What were the “ripple effects” of railroad expansion?

Spread of Industrialization

• Europe
• Who actively encouraged industrialization in Europe?
• North America
• In the USA, what proportion of workers were farmers….   (today, about 2%)
• In 1800?
• In 1860?
• Who made up a large majority of workers in textile factories?

Social Impact in Europe

• From 1750 to 1850, how had European population changed?
• What caused this change?
• Nearly a million people died in Ireland during this time; many others immigrated to the Americas.  Why?
• Describe Malthus’ ideas
• Why did his predictions turn out to be incorrect?
• In England, how did the size and number of cities change?
• What new way of making money stood in contrast to the trade-based commercial capitalism that rose out of the Middle Ages?
• What French term was expanded to include people involved in industry and banking?
• What was the range for work hours and work weeks?
• Describe four dangers of working in a coal mine
• What helped to limit the use of child labor in Great Britain?
• How were women paid, compared to men?
• Early Socialism
• Define socialism
• What did Karl Marx think of the works of early socialists?
• What did Robert Owen believe?
• Was his project successful?