Modern World History: Test #2

Test Format

European Exploration (PowerPoint & Crash Course)

Motivations for Exploration

What are the three main reasons for European exploration?
During the 1400s, what sorts of goods were desired by Europeans and where did could they be found?
Why was it so difficult to get to Asia?

Explorers

What three words did Vasco Da Gama use to describe "what he was looking for?"
Portugal couldn't conquer the India, but instead created a _____ _____ empire by capturing a few small coastal cities.

Describe the achievements of Ferdinand Magellan.
What Prince was known as "The Navigator" because he was a patron of sailing expeditions and education?
How did the Pope split the New World in two?

Columbian Exchange

Since Columbus discovered the Americas, has diversity of plant and animal life on earth gone up or down?
What is the estimated range for percentage of native population deaths in the Americas due to disease? (Lowest estimate to highest estimate)
Name two empires that were weakened by diseases, making it more easily subject to conquest by the Spanish.
What was the only large domesticated animal available in the Americas, and why was it less useful than many of its counterparts in Eurasia?
Name two crops/plants that Europeans brought to the Americas.
Name five crops/plants that were native to the Americas and brought to Europe.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of the Colombian exchange

Slave Trade

From 1500 to 1800 CE somewhere between ___ and ___ million slaves were forcibly moved to the Americas.
What percentage of slaves went to the USA?
What trait do the primary crops (tobacco, sugar, and coffee) grown by slaves share, making them an example of early consumer culture?
How did Europeans get slaves in Africa?
What crop's production process involved 48 hour shifts and hands frequently getting stuck in machinery?
Who were among the first to considered, "otherness" to be a critical aspect of slavery?
Who believed that some people were simply, "slaves by nature."?
What was the percentage of slaves in the Roman Empire, similar to the number in the Americas at the height of slavery?
What two ideas from Christianity does John Green argue contributed to Atlantic Slavery.
Describe two differences between African and European slavery
Describe the system of Triangular Trade

Aztec & Inca (PowerPoint & Guns, Germs and Steel)

CC #25 - Spanish Empire - This was not assigned, but it makes an excellent review of the role of the Spanish Empire, Aztecs, and Inca. It also gives some info on the Ming. Might be a good idea to watch it!
The Aztecs had technology for the wheel, but were not able to fully take advantage of it - why not?
What did the Aztecs do with people they captured during battles?
What was the name of the Aztec capital?
Who was the leader of the Aztecs?
Who was the conquistador who conquered the Aztecs?
The Inca, unlike the Aztec, lacked what critical technology for sharing information?

What did the Inca build to allow them to make farms in the Andes mountains?
Who was the leader of the Inca?
Who was the conquistador who conquered the Inca?
What were the three main reasons why the Spanish conquered the Aztec & Inca, and not the other way around?

Describe Jared Diamond's argument about why some civilizations gain power over others.

Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam (Crash Course)

What system is composed of a pyramid of social groupings, ranging from Brahminsto Sudras?
What is one's role in life and society called?
What is one social advantage of a Dharma-based culture?
What Hindu law holds the whole system of rebirth together, explaining how good people are reborn into a better life?
Briefly summarize the story of Siddhartha Gautam
What does "The Buddha" mean?
According to Buddhism, ______ is the source of all suffering.
Why might Buddhism be attractive to low-caste Hindus?
What is the name of the Islamic Holy Book, that also mentions figures like Moses and Jesus as prophets?
List and describe the five pillars of Islam.
What term describes the Muslim legal tradition (that is not interpreted the same by everyone)?

Ottoman Empire (PowerPoint)

On what peninsula did the Ottoman Empire originate?
What modern day country is located there?
What empire do the Ottomans go to war with?
What city do they capture, and what do they rename it?
What weaponry allows the Ottoman Empire to successfully seize this city?
What economic and naval advantage is provided by capturing this city?
What is the term for soldiers drafted from local populations at a young age, trained in warfare & Islam?
Who ruled over the Ottoman Empire during its expansion and Golden Age?
What two Islamic holy cities did the empire capture?
What battle halted the advance of the Ottoman Empire?
What is the title of the leader of the Ottomans?
What was the main religion of the Ottoman Empire?
Describe the millet system.
When did the Ottoman Empire collapse?

Mongols, Mughal, and Ming (PowerPoint & Crash Course)

Mongol Empire

The reason the Mongols started to dominate began with one guy - who?
How did Mongols hold elections?
How many direct descendants of Ghengis Khan are estimated to exist on earth?
The mongols did not create a unified empire; what are the four Khanates that were established after the death of Genghis Khan?
What are John Green's five arguments for Mongols awesomeness
What are John Green's five arguments about why the Mongols might not be so great?

Mughal India

Ming China